A gold medal is usually the medal awarded for the highest achievement in any filed that is not military related. If they are not made of pure golad, they at least have gold plating to give them that gold color.
These have been given out in sport and academics since the early nineteenth century at least.
In sports, gold silver and bronze medals are awarded for first, second and third place finishers respectively. Gold goes to first, silver to second, and bronze to third. Those three metals represnt the Ages of Man in Greek mythology. The golden age stands for the times when the man was living among the gods, the silver age represents the youth of the man that lasted a hundred years and the bronze age represents the era of the heroes.
It hasn't always been like this in the olympics.
These medals today find their applications in every aspect of society. Gold medals have extraordinary value to the people who have earned them.
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